Surface area and pore volume are important physical properties that influence the quality and utility of many materials and products. Therefore, it is critically important that these characteristics be accurately determined and controlled. Likewise, knowledge of surface area and pore volume, often is an important key in understanding the formation, structure, and potential application of many natural materials.
Micromeritics’ Gemini VII 2390 Series of surface area analyzers rapidly and reliably produces accurate and repeatable surface area and pore volume results. Their low cost, speed, simplicity of use, reliability, and ruggedness have earned the Gemini a place in laboratories worldwide as an essential tool in research and quality control environments.
The clear advantage of the Gemini’s capabilities lie in its unique and innovative design which makes for not only a reliable and accurate instrument but also offers an easy to use operating system with intuitive reporting.
Gemini utilizes a unique adaptive rate dosing algorithm and is a special case of the static volumetric technique. Speed and sensitivity are unsurpassed by other static volumetric instruments.
Micromeritics invented the balance tube design, which negates freespace errors introduced by thermal gradient variations or by initial mismeasurement of free space. The Gemini permits low surface area measurements without requiring krypton and the use of a servo valve controls the rate of gas flow into the sample tube to accurately attain target pressures without pressure overshoot.
The sample controls the rate at which the gas is delivered thus accelerating delivery of the analysis gas. This results in a surface area analyzer that is as fast as the physics of adsorption allows. How-to videos provide on-screen instruction on instrument operation reducing training time for new users. Easy-to- follow installation videos and system verification tests ensure optimum performance and reliability.
Three choices of software control:
A- Two gas reservoirs are filled with equal volumes of the desired adsorptive, usually nitrogen. From the reservoirs, gas is metered into the sample tube by way of a servo valve (F) that reacts to the rate of adsorption.
A third pressure transducer (D) monitors the pressure between the two reservoirs to determine the differential quantity of gas, the difference being the quantity that is adsorbed on the sample
Transducer (B) detects any pressure difference between the two tubes and causes another servo valve (C) to adjust the pressure within the balance tube to negate any pressure differential.
E- A transducer monitors pressure within the sample tube causing a fast response servo valve (F) to increase or restrict the flow of gas to the sample tube as necessary to maintain a constant equilibrium pressure within the sample tube as adsorption occurs.
Superior Data Presentation Capability
Gemini analyzers can be operated from a keypad by way of embedded software or from a computer using the more-powerful and versatile Gemini Windows optional software.
The embedded software includes:
The easy-to-use Gemini Windows 7 interface enhances the capabilities to plan, launch, and control the analysis. You can collect, organize, archive and reduce raw data, and store standardized sample information and analysis conditions for easy access during later applications. Finished reports may be generated to screen, paper, or to files in various formats. Features include cut-and-paste graphics and tables, scalable-and-editable graphs, and customizable report formats. Using computer control, you can operate up to four Gemini analyzers simultaneously from a single computer.
Gemini Windows® Features
Gemini Windows software provides additional features not included with the embedded software.
Features such as:
Also available is Confirm™ software, which addresses the many requirements specified by 21 CFR Part 11 validation, security, audit trails, reporting, and more.
Windows software with all Micromeritics’ gas adsorption instruments contains the following reports:
Isotherm Reports:
Isotherm modeling and surface area:
Standard isotherm models:
Classic models for mesopore volume, area, and distribution:
Classic models for micropore distribution:
Density Functional Theory for pore size modeling:
Density Functional Theory for surface energy:
* BJH and Dollimore-Heal require the Gemini VII 2390t to take full advantage of pore size reports based upon the desorption isotherm
The Gemini VII 2390a model is ideal for rapid and accurate surface area determinations by single-point and multipoint BET and Langmuir methods. In addition, it provides standard methods for total micropore volume using the t-plot method. Included in this model’s capabilities is the ability to determine statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of carbon blacks. (Refer to ASTM D 6556, ISO/DIS 18852.2, or ISO/CD 4652-2/3.)
The Gemini VII 2390p model provides additional precision with the addition of a saturation pressure (Po) tube that allows the system to monitor the saturation pressure of the adsorptive on a continuous basis during an analysis using a dedicated pressure transducer. This design feature permits a rapid measurement of the adsorption isotherm to near-saturation, as well as determination of pore size distribution.
The Gemini VII 2390t model has all of the facilities of the 2390p with the addition of a larger dewar and longer sample tubes for extended analysis times. This provides the additional capability to measure the complete adsorption-desorption isotherm and perform pore size distribution measurements by BJH or DH using up to 1000 data points.
External sample preparation is recommended to provide optimal analysis throughput and quality of measurement. All basic sample preparation systems are designed with six independent stations so samples can be prepared as they become available, and so preparation does not limit analytical throughput.
| 표면적 | From 0.1 m², total; From 0.01 m²/g, specific |
| Pore Volume | 4 x 10-6 cm³/g |
| Pressure Measurement Range | 0 to 950 mm Hg |
| P/Po Resolution | <10-4 |
| Relative Pressure Range | 0 to 1.0 P/Po (adsorption only) |
| Pressure Resolution | <0.1 mmHg |
| Accuracy and Linearity (transducer manufacturer’s specification) | Better than ± 0.5% Full Scale |
| Temperature | 10 to 35 °C (50 to 96 °F) operating; 0 to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F) non-operating |
| Humidity | 20% to 80% relative, non-condensing |
| Adsorbate | Optimized for nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen sample bath; Gemini may be used with non-corrosive adsorbate gases having vapor pressures at both room and bath temperatures that are acceptably high relative to the resolution of the 1000-mmHg pressure transducer. Typically, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, butane, methane, and other light hydrocarbons will produce useful data above absolute pressures of a few mmHg. Helium inlet also provided |
Vacuum source achieving 20 x 10-3 mmHg (or better) at the instrument inlet; having a device to reduce oil vapor backstreaming is recommended. The system must have an anti-suckback valve to prevent oil from being admitted into the Gemini should there be a power failure. |
| Standard Tube | Gemini VII 2390a and 2390p: 0.95 cm (3/8 in.) outside diameter by 15.5 cm Gemini VII 2390t: 0.95 cm (3/8 in) outside diameter by 20.5 cm |
| Dewar | ~ 8 hours; Gemini VII 2390a and 2390p; ~ 24 hours; Gemini VII 2390t |
| Voltage | 85 to 265 VAC |
| Frequency | 50/60 Hz |
| Power | 150 VA, operating, max. plus vacuum pump |
| Height | 59 cm (23 in); Gemini VII 2390a and 2390p; 74 cm (29 in); Gemini VII 2390t |
| Width | 40 cm (16 in) |
| Depth | 51 cm (20 in) |
| Weight | 32 kg (70 lbs); Gemini VII 2390a and 2390p; 35 kg (78 lbs); Gemini VII 2390t |
Provided specifications were valid as taken from available documents at time of publication. These specifications may change without notice and are only provided as a general reference
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