What happens to a material when it is physically modified? Four materials were ground and sieved to create four particle size ranges. The unmodified material and these four size ranges were analyzed to obtain density, surface area, and porosity values.

The AccuPyc II, a gas pycnometer, was used to obtain the sample density. Surface area and porosity are physisorption techniques, and data were obtained with the 3Flex or ASAP series instruments.